Mutation
                
                                                                                 
                                                   
                                                                                 
Objectives for today: 
Mutation: any change in the DNA of an organism.    
                         
         

Truths about mutations:

Most mutations are minor.
Many mutations are harmful.
Some mutations are lethal.
Very few mutations are helpful.

      
                         
        These mutations would fit into which of the above?      
                         
     

Types of Mutations:

Based on Cell Type:

                         
                 
               
Germ mutations can be passed to offspring.
  
Somatic mutations are not passed to offspring.
 
                                                             
Based on Amount of Nuclear Material:            
                                                             
           
                                                             
                             

A piece if chromosome breaks off and is lost.

    

A piece of a chrosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse order.

     A broken piece attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome  
                 
                       
            Nondisjunction is a special chromosome mutation in which
a pair of chromosomes fail to separate during cell division.
 		 
                       
                                 
                           
 
         
                                   
   

Gene mutation can may involve a large segments of DNA of a single nucleotide within a codon.

In a point mutation a single nucleotide is substituted, added or removed.

A frame-shift mutation the adding of an entire nucleotide

  
                                   
     
                             
     

Some well known environmental examples of mutagens:

Ultraviolet radiation
Tars from tobacco
Asbestos
         
 

Some examples of teratogens:

• Arsenic
• Benzene
• Caffeine
• Cannabis
• Ethyl alcohol
• Tobacco
   

Answer the following questions, head your paper Unit 5 Day 1 Mutaitons:

1. Explain the differfence between germ and somatic mutations.

2. Describe the three types of chrosome mutation.

3. Explain how nondisjunction might cause mutations. Use the internet to research this topic.

4. Compare and contrast mutagens and teratogens.